Sunday, September 20, 2009

SUMMARY

Swine, both miniature and domestic farm breeds, will continue to be used in research and teaching in the foreseeable future. Biomedical models have been well described (Stanton and Mersmann, 1986; Swindle, 1992; Tumbleson, 1986) and overviews of methods of anesthesia, analgesia, and handling appropriate for research institutions are available (Riebold and Thurmon, 1986; Smith et al., in press; Swindle et al., 1988). The differences between miniature pigs and domestic farm breeds, as well as the differences among breeds within the same category, must be taken into account when designing scientific protocols and management plans.



This manuscript is meant to provide general guidelines for multi-species research institutions that may only occasionally use swine. Readers are advised to consult the in-depth references provided for specific details.

REFERENCES



Bloor, C. M., F. C. White, and D. M. Roth. 1992. The pig as a model of myocardial ischemia and gradual coronary artery occlusion. Pp. 163-175 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Cameron, D. E., K. H. Tam, W. Cheng, and M. Braxton. 1992. Studies in the physiology of cardiopulmonary bypass using a swine model. Pp. 185-196 in Swine as Models of Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Cohen, I. T., S. O. Nelson, and M. P. Hirsh. 1992. The role of the Hanford minipig as an animal model in pediatric surgery and neonatal intensive care. Pp. 57-63 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Consortium for Developing a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. 1988. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching. Champaign, Illinois: Association Headquarters (Available at a cost of $5.00 each from Association Headquarters, 309 West Clark Street, Champaign, IL 61820. Tel: 1-217-356-3182).



Feletou, M., and B. Teisseire. 1992. Vascular pharmacology of the micropig: Importance of the endothelium. Pp. 74-95 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Fisher, T. F. 1993. Miniature swine in biomedical research: Applications and husbandry considerations. Lab Animal 22(5):47-50.



Flye, M.W. 1992. Orthotopic liver transplantation in outbred and partially inbred swine. Pp. 44-56 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Gal, D., and J. M. Isner. 1992. Atherosclerotic Yucatan microswine as a model for novel cardiovascular interventions and imaging. Pp. 118-140 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Gillette, P. C., M. M. Swindle, R. P. Thompson, and C. L. Case. 1991. Transvenous cryoablation of the bundle of His. PACE 14(4) Pt1:504-510.




Hall, T. S., R. S. Stuart, W. A. Baumgarten, A. M. Borkon, M. M. Swindle, E. Galloway, and B. A. Reitz. 1986. Use of swine in heart transplantation research. Pp. 373-76 in Swine in Biomedical Research, M. E. Tumbleson, ed. New York: Plenum Press.



Hannon, J. P. 1992. Hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock in swine. A review. Pp. 197-245 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Hendrick, D. A., A. C. Smith, J. M. Kratz, F. A. Crawford, and F. G Spinale. 1990. The pig as a model of tachycardia and dilated cardiomyopathy. Lab Anim. Sci. 40(5):495-501.



Hoban, L. D., J. A. Paschall, J. Echsktein, V. Nadkarni, R. L. Che-Hung, T. J. Williams, D. Rensch, J. J. Nevola, and J. A. Carcillo. 1992. Awake porcine model of intraperitoneal sepsis. Pp. 246-264 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Kerrigan, C. L., R. G. Zelt, J. G Thomsom, and E. Diane. 1986. The pig as an experimental animal in plastic surgery research for the study of skin flaps, myocutaneous flaps and fasciocutaneous flaps. Lab Anita. Sci. 36:396.



Koyama, I., L. R. Pennington, M. M. Swindle, and G. M. Williams. 1986. Pancreatic allotransplantation with Rouxen-Y jejunal diversion in swine: Its technical aspects. Pp. 385-89 in Swine in Biomedical Research, M. E. Tumbleson, ed. New York: Plenum Press.



Kurihara-Bergstrom, T., M. Woodworth, S. FeisuUia, and P. Beall. 1986. Characterization of the Yucatan miniature pig skin and small intestine for pharmaceutical applications. Lab Anim. Sci. 36:396.



Laber-Laird, K., A. C. Smith, M. M. Swindle, and J. Colwell. 1992. Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on glucose clearance in Yucatan minipigs. Lab Anim. Sci. 42(6):579-581.



Lee, K. T., D. N. Kim, and W. A. Thomas. 1986. Atherosclerosis in swine. Pp. 33-48 in Swine in Cardiovascular Research, Vol. 1, H. C. Stanton and H. J. Mersmann, eds. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.



Leman, A. D., B. E. Straw, W. L. Mengeling, S. D'Allaire, and D. J. Taylor. 1992. Diseases of Swine, Seventh Edition. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Mench, J. A., S. J. Mayer, and L. Krulisch, eds. 1992. The Well Being of Agricultural Animals in Biomedical and Agricultural Research. Bethesda, Maryland: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare.



Mitchell, S. E., J. H. Anderson, M. M. Swindle, J. D. Strandberg, and J. Kan. 1994. Atrial septostomy: Stationary angioplasty balloon technique. Experimental work and preliminary clinical applications. Podiatr. Cardiol. 15(1):1-7.



NRC (National Research Council). 1985. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. A report of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.



Panepinto, L. M. 1986. Character and management of miniature swine. Pp. 11-24 in Swine in Cardiovascular Research, Vol. 1, H. C. Stanton and J. H. Mersmann, eds. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Pennington, L.R. 1992. Renal transplantation in swine. Pp. 35-43 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Pritchard, T. J., W. A. Kottun, and R. L. Kirkman. 1986. Technical aspects of small intestinal transplantation in young pigs. Pp. 391-398 in Swine in Biomedical Research, Vol. 1, M. E. Tumbleson, ed. New York: Plenum Press.



Randall, G. C.B. 1986. Chronic implantations of catheters and other surgical techniques in fetal pigs. Pp. 1179-1186 in Swine in Biomedical Research, Vol. 1, M. E. Tumbleson, ed. New York: Plenum Press.



Riebold, T. W., and J. C. Thurmon. 1986. Anesthesia in Swine. Pp. 243-254 in Swine in Biomedical Research, Vol. 1, M. E. Tumbleson, ed. New York: Plenum Press.



Sachs, D. H. 1992. MHC-homozygous miniature swine. Pp. 3-15 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Smith, A. C., F. G. Spinale, and M. M. Swindle. 1990. Cardiac function and morphology of Hanford miniature swine and Yucatan miniature and micro swine. Lab Anim. Sci. 40(1):47-50.



Smith, A. C. W. Ehler, and M. M. Swindle. In press. Anesthesia and analgesia in swine. In Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals. D.H. Kohn, S. K. Wixson, W. J. White, and G. J. Benson, eds. New York: Academic Press.



Stanton, H. C., and Mersmann, H.J. 1986. Swine in Cardiovascular Research, Vol. I and 2. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.



Swindle, M. M., ed. 1992. Swine as Models in Biomedical Research. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Swindle, M. M., and D. L. Bobbie (illustrator). 1983. Basic Surgical Exercises Using Swine. New York: Praeger Publishers.



Swindle, M. M., A. C. Smith, and B. J. S. Hepburn. 1988. Swine as models in experimental surgery. J. Invest. Surg. 1(1):65-79.



Swindle, M. M., R. P. Thompson, B. A. Carabello, A. C. Smith, C. Green, and P. C. Gillette. 1992. Congenital cardiovascular disease. Pp. 176-184 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Tumbleson, M. E., ed. 1986. Swine in Biomedical Research, Vol. 1, New York: Plenum Press.



Weiskopf, R. B., M. A. Holmes, E. I. Eger II, N. Yasuda, I. J. Rampil, B. H. Johnson, A. G. Targ, I. A. Reid, and L. C. Keil. 1992. Use of swine in the study of anesthetics. Pp. 96-117 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



White, C. J., S. R. Ramee, A. K. Banks, D. Wiktor, and H. L. Price. 1992. The Yucatan miniature swine: An atherogenic model to assess the early potency rates of an endovascular stent. Pp. 156-162 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.



Zambraski, E. J., G. D. Thomas, and K. P. O'Hagan. 1992. DOCA-treated Yucatan miniature swine: A neurogenic model of essential hypertension. Pp. 290-301 in Swine as Models in Biomedical Research, M. M. Swindle, ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

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